Iriburiro ryihame ryakazi rya Reverse Osmose (RO) Membrane:
RO ni impfunyapfunyo ya Reverse Osmose mucyongereza kandi bisobanura anti-osmose mu gishinwa.Muri rusange, urujya n'uruza rw'amazi ya molekile ruva mubutumburuke buke kugera cyane.Nyamara, iyo igitutu gishyizwe kumurongo winjira, icyerekezo cyimigendere ya molekile zamazi zirahindurwa, kuva murwego rwo hejuru rugera kumurongo muke, niyo mpamvu izina rihindura osmose.
Ihame rya RO membrane: RO membrane, izwi kandi nka reverse osmose membrane, ni tekinoroji itandukanya amazi arenze ubunini bwa pore ya membrane binyuze mumatandukaniro yumuvuduko nkimbaraga zitwara.Amazi arimo membrane yungurura akorerwa igitutu.Iyo umuvuduko urenze umuvuduko wa osmotic wa RO membrane, amazi azinjira muburyo bunyuranye.Amazi mato mato arenze ubunini bwa pore azasohoka mugihe cyo gucengera, mugihe amazi afite ubunini burenze ubunini bwa pore azahagarikwa na membrane hanyuma asohore mumiyoboro y'amazi yibanze.Ibi bikorwa bifasha kweza, gutandukanya no kwibanda kumazi yumwimerere.
Ibipimo byingenzi byerekana imikorere ya RO membrane nigipimo cyo guta amazi, umuvuduko wamazi, nigipimo cyo gukira.Igipimo cya desalination bivuga urwego rwubuziranenge aho membrane ifata ion, hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo kuryama cyagerwaho iyo ifashe ion neza.Ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyerekana imikorere ni flux, bivuga ubwinshi bwa molekile zamazi zishobora kwinjirira mubice bigize membrane.Ninshi flux, nibyiza imikorere ya membrane.Ku rundi ruhande, igipimo cyo gukira cyerekeza ku kigereranyo cy’amazi meza kugira ngo yibande mu gihe membrane ikora, hamwe n’ikigereranyo kinini cyerekana imikorere myiza ya membrane.
Bitewe nibi bintu bitatu byingenzi biranga RO, iterambere rya RO ryayobowe kugirango tugere ku ntera mu kigero kinini cy’amazi mabi, umusaruro munini w’amazi, n’igipimo kinini cyo gukira, buri kimwe muri byo kikaba cyabyara inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu.
Kubintu bya osmose bihindagurika, mubihe byinshi isoko yamazi ntishobora kwinjira mubintu bitaziguye kuko umwanda urimo urashobora kwanduza ururenda kandi bikagira ingaruka kumikorere ihamye ya sisitemu hamwe nubuzima bwibintu bigize membrane.Mbere yo kuvura ni inzira yo gutunganya amazi mbisi ukurikije ibiranga umwanda urimo, hamwe nuburyo bukwiye, kugirango ibashe kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango yinjire mubintu bya osmose membrane.Kuberako iherereye mbere yoguhindura osmose muburyo bwose bwo gutunganya amazi, byitwa kubanza kuvura.
Intego yo kubanza kuvura muri sisitemu ya osmose ihindagurika ni: 1) kwirinda kwanduza ubuso bwanduye, ni ukuvuga kwirinda umwanda wahagaritswe, mikorobe, ibintu bya colloidal, nibindi bitajyana hejuru ya membrane cyangwa gufunga umuyoboro wamazi wibintu bya membrane;2) irinde gupima hejuru ya membrane.Mugihe cyo gukora igikoresho cya osmose ihindagurika, imyunyu imwe igoye gushonga nka CaCO3, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, CaF2 irashobora kubitsa hejuru ya membrane kubera ubwinshi bwamazi, bityo rero birakenewe ko hakumirwa gukumira ibyo bintu bigoye- gushonga umunyu;
3) menya neza ko ururenda rudashobora kwangizwa nubukanishi cyangwa imiti, kugirango membrane igire imikorere myiza nubuzima buhagije.
Guhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura mbere yo kuvura sisitemu ya osmose ni ibi bikurikira:
1) Ku mazi yo hejuru afite ibintu byahagaritswe biri munsi ya 50mg / L, uburyo bwo kuyungurura bwa coagulation butaziguye burashobora gukoreshwa;
2) Ku mazi yo hejuru afite ibintu byahagaritswe birenga 50mg / L, coagulation, ibisobanuro, uburyo bwo kuyungurura birashobora gukoreshwa;
3) Ku mazi yo mu butaka arimo ibyuma biri munsi ya 0.3mg / L hamwe n’ibintu byahagaritswe bitarenze 20mg / L, hashobora gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kuyungurura;
4) Ku mazi yo mu butaka arimo ibyuma biri munsi ya 0.3mg / L hamwe n’ibisigara byahagaritswe birenze 20mg / L, hashobora gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kuyungurura coagulation itaziguye;
5) Ku mazi yo mu butaka arimo ibyuma birenze 0.3mg / L, hagomba gutekerezwa okiside hamwe no gukuramo ibyuma, hagakurikiraho kuyungurura mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa uburyo bwo kuyungurura ibintu.Iyo ibinyabuzima birimo amazi meza ari menshi, chlorine, coagulation, ibisobanuro no kuyungurura birashobora gukoreshwa mukuvura.Iyo ubu buvuzi budahagije, gushungura karubone irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukuraho ibintu kama.Iyo ubukana bwamazi mbisi ari menshi kandi CaCO3 izakomeza gutura hejuru yinyuma ya osmose membrane nyuma yo kuvurwa, kuvura byoroshe cyangwa lime birashobora gukoreshwa.Mugihe ubundi bigoye-gushonga imyunyu iguye nubunini muri sisitemu ya RO, hagomba gukoreshwa imiti igabanya ubukana.Birakwiye ko tumenya ko barium na strontium bidashobora guhora mubisesengura ryamazi meza.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, no mubutumburuke buke cyane, birashobora gukora byoroshye umunzani hejuru ya membrane mugihe cyose sulfate iri mumazi irenze 0.01mg / L.Iyi minzani iragoye kuyisukura bityo rero igomba kubuzwa gushingwa hejuru ya membrane bishoboka.
Iyo silika iri mumazi mbisi ari menshi, lime, oxyde ya magnesium (cyangwa ifu yera) irashobora kongerwaho kuvurwa.Iyo silika yibanze mumazi yo kugaburira RO irenze 20mg / L, hagomba gukorwa isuzuma ryikigereranyo.Kuberako bigoye guhanagura igipimo cya silika, birakenewe cyane kugirango wirinde gukora kuri membrane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2023