Sisitemu yubutaka bwamazi Ultrafiltration Sisitemu
Ultrafiltration nuburyo bwo kuyungurura membrane itandukanya ibintu ukurikije ubunini bwabyo nuburemere bwa molekile.Harimo no gukoresha igice cya semipermeable membrane ituma molekile ntoya na solvent zinyuramo mugihe zigumana molekile nini nuduce.
Mu nganda zitandukanye, ultrafiltration ikoreshwa mugusukura no kwibanda kubisubizo bya macromolecular, cyane cyane ibisubizo bya poroteyine.Bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa bya chimique na farumasi, gutunganya ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, no gutunganya amazi mabi.Izi porogaramu zigamije gusubiramo umutungo, kuzamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, no gukuraho umwanda.
Byongeye kandi, ultrafiltration ningirakamaro muri dialyse yamaraso, inzira yubuvuzi ikoreshwa mugukuraho imyanda n’amazi menshi ava mumaraso kubarwayi bafite impyiko.Muguhitamo gushungura ibintu byangiza mugukomeza ibice byingenzi, ultrafiltration igira uruhare runini mukubungabunga ubuzima bwabantu bakeneye ubuvuzi bwa dialyse.
Muri rusange, ultrafiltration itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutandukana no kwezwa mubice bitandukanye, kunoza inzira, no kugira uruhare mubisubizo byiza haba mubikorwa byinganda nubuvuzi.
Ultrafiltration igira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi yo kunywa, cyane cyane mubikorwa byamazi mubudage.Ifite ubushobozi bwa 300 m3 / h, ultrafiltration ikoreshwa mugukuraho uduce na macromolecules mumazi mbisi, ikemeza ko yujuje ubuziranenge bukenewe mumazi yo kunywa.
Ultrafiltration irashobora gukoreshwa nka sisitemu yihariye mu turere twitaruye dufite ubwiyongere bw'abaturage cyangwa nk'isimburwa rya sisitemu zisanzwe ziyungurura mu nganda zitunganya amazi.Iyo uhuye namazi arimo urwego rwo hejuru rwibintu byahagaritswe, ubuvuzi bwibanze nubwa kabiri nko gusuzuma, flotation, no kuyungurura bihuzwa na ultrafiltration nkintambwe yo kuvura.
Ibikorwa bya UF bitanga inyungu nyinshi muburyo gakondo bwo kuvura.Ntibisaba imiti usibye intego yo gukora isuku, kwemeza amazi yo kunywa adafite imiti.Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bugumaho butitaye ku bwiza bwamazi yibiryo, butanga isoko yizewe yamazi meza.Byongeye kandi, ingano yububiko bwibiti bya UF ituma bikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye.
Imwe mumbaraga zingenzi za ultrafiltration nubushobozi bwayo burenze ibipimo ngenderwaho byubuziranenge bwamazi.Hamwe nogukuraho 90-100% kubitera virusi, UF iremeza ko amazi yatunganijwe afite umutekano muke.
Ariko, birakwiye ko tumenya ko inzira ya UF ihura ningorane zijyanye no kwanduza membrane no kuyisimbuza, bishobora kubahenze.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, hakenewe ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya amazi y’ibiryo kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika gukabije kw’ibice.
Mubihe byinshi, ultrafiltration ikoreshwa nkintambwe yo kubanza kuyungurura ibimera bya osmose (RO).Mu kurinda ibibyimba bya RO kutangirika no kwangirika, UF ifasha kunoza imikorere no kuramba muri gahunda yo gutunganya amazi muri rusange.
Muri rusange, ultrafiltration nuburyo bwiza kandi bukoreshwa cyane mugutanga amazi meza yo kunywa, bitanga ibyiza nko kudakoresha imiti, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bihoraho, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kurenga ibipimo ngenderwaho.
Ultrafiltration (UF) ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’amata, cyane cyane mu gutunganya foromaje ya foromaje kugirango ibone intungamubiri za poroteyine (WPC) hamwe na peritike ikungahaye kuri lactose.Mu cyiciro kimwe, UF irashobora kwibanda kumurongo inshuro 10-30 ugereranije nibiryo byambere.
Mbere, gushyushya amavuta bikurikirwa no gukama ingoma cyangwa kumisha spray byari ubundi buryo bwo kuyungurura membrane.Nyamara, ubu buryo bwavuyemo ibicuruzwa bifite porogaramu nkeya kubera imiterere yabyo hamwe no kudashobora guhinduka.Byongeye kandi, ubu buryo bwari bufite ibicuruzwa bidahuye, igishoro kinini nigiciro cyo gukora, kandi akenshi byamaganaga proteine zimwe na zimwe kubera ubushyuhe bukabije bwakoreshejwe mukumisha.
Ibinyuranye, UF itunganya foromaje yamashanyarazi itanga ibyiza byinshi muburyo gakondo:
Kunoza ingufu zingirakamaro: Inzira za UF zisaba ingufu nke ugereranije no gushyushya amavuta hamwe nuburyo bwo kumisha.
Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bihoraho: Ukurikije uko imikorere ikora, inzira za UF zirashobora gutanga proteine yibyibushye hamwe na proteyine yibanze kuva kuri 35% kugeza 80%.Ibi byemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.
Kubungabunga intungamubiri za poroteyine: Inzira ya UF ikora mu bihe bitagereranywa, ifasha mu gukumira poroteyine.Nkigisubizo, poroteyine ziri mu cyerekezo cyizunguruka ziguma zidahwitse kandi zigumana imikorere yazo.
Nyamara, UF itunganya foromaje yamashanyarazi ihura nibibazo bijyanye no gukora nabi, bishobora kugabanya cyane umusaruro.Amashanyarazi ya foromaje arimo calcium nyinshi ya calcium ya fosifate, ishobora kuganisha ku kubitsa kwinshi hejuru ya membrane.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ingamba zifatika zo kwitegura zirakenewe kugirango duhuze pH nubushyuhe bwibiryo, byemeze ko umunyu wa calcium ukemuka.
Muri make, inzira za UF zahinduye ubwinshi bwa poroteyine mu nganda z’amata, cyane cyane mu gukora intungamubiri za poroteyine.Zitanga ingufu zingirakamaro, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, hamwe no kubungabunga ubusugire bwa poroteyine.Icyakora, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo gukumira ikosa ryatewe na calcium ya fosifate.
Ultrafiltration (UF) ifite izindi porogaramu nyinshi zirenze inganda z’amata.Porogaramu zimwe zinyongera zirimo:
Kwiyungurura imyanda iva mu ruganda rukora impapuro: UF irashobora gukuraho neza ibintu byahagaritswe, lignine, n’ibindi byanduza biva mu myanda ikomoka mu gihe cyo gukora impapuro zangiza, bifasha kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibidukikije no gutanga amazi meza yo kongera gukoresha cyangwa gusohora.
Gukora foromaje: UF ikoreshwa mugukora foromaje kugirango yibande kuri poroteyine y’amata no kuvanaho amazi arenze, bigatuma proteine iba nyinshi muri foromaje.Iyi nzira bakunze kwita amata ya ultrafiltered.
Kurandura za bagiteri zimwe na zimwe mu mata: UF irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ikureho bagiteri, spore, na selile somatike mumata mbisi, biganisha kumata meza kandi ubuzima bwiyongera.
Gutunganya no gutunganya amazi mabi: UF ikoreshwa munganda zinyuranye mugutandukanya no kuvanaho ibintu bikomeye, colloide, na macromolecules mumigezi ninzuzi zamazi.Nuburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibintu byahagaritswe hamwe n’imyanda ihumanya, bikavamo amazi meza yo kongera gukoresha cyangwa gusohora.
Gusubiramo Enzyme: UF irashobora gukoreshwa mugutandukanya no kugarura enzymes mumisemburo ya fermentation cyangwa andi masoko.Inzira ituma kweza no kwibanda kuri enzymes, bigafasha gukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye, nk'ibiribwa, imiti, n'ibinyabuzima.
Kwibanda kumitobe yimbuto no kubisobanura: UF ikoreshwa muguhuza imitobe yimbuto mukuramo amazi no kugabanya ingano, bigatuma habaho kwibumbira hamwe kwimbuto zimbuto nibiryohe.Byongeye kandi, UF irashobora gusobanura imitobe yimbuto ikuraho ibintu byahagaritswe hamwe nigicu, bikavamo ibicuruzwa bisobanutse kandi byiza cyane.
Dialysis hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura amaraso: UF ikoreshwa cyane muri dialyse no gutunganya amaraso kugirango ikureho imyanda, amazi menshi, nuburozi mumaraso.Ubushobozi bwa UF membrane bwo guhitamo gushungura molekile zishingiye kubunini butuma hakurwaho ibintu byangiza mugihe bigumana ibintu byingenzi mumaraso.
Kurandura no guhanahana poroteyine (binyuze muri diafiltration): UF irashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura no guhanahana poroteyine.Iyi nzira ikubiyemo kuvana umunyu mubisubizo bya poroteyine no guhana ibishishwa kuri buffer cyangwa igisubizo wifuza.
Inganda zo muri laboratoire: UF ikoreshwa muri laboratoire yo kwibanda, kweza, no gutandukanya biomolecules, nka proteyine, enzymes, na acide nucleic.Nigikoresho cyingirakamaro mubushakashatsi no gukora laboratoire.
Kurambagiza Radiocarubone ya magufa ya kolagen: UF igira uruhare runini mugukuramo no kweza kolagene mu magufwa ya kera ya magufa yo gukundana na radiocarubone.Inzira yemerera kuvanaho ibintu bivangavanze, byemeza ibisubizo byukuri byo gukundana.
