Sisitemu ya EDI (Electrodeionisation) ikoresha ion ivanze ivanze na adsorb cations hamwe na anion mumazi mbisi.Iyoni yamamajwe noneho ikurwaho unyuze muri cation hamwe no guhanahana anion munsi yumurimo wa voltage itaziguye.Sisitemu ya EDI mubusanzwe igizwe na joriji nyinshi zo guhinduranya anion hamwe na cation yo guhanahana ibintu hamwe na spacers, bigakora igice cyibanze hamwe nigice cyoroshye (nukuvuga, cations zishobora kwinjirira mumyanya yo guhanahana amakuru, mugihe anion ishobora kwinjira binyuze muri anion yo guhanahana).
Mu gice cya dilute, cations mumazi yimukira muri electrode itari nziza hanyuma ikanyura muri cation yo guhanahana, aho ifatwa na membrane yo guhanahana anion mubice byegeranye;anion mumazi yimukira muri electrode nziza hanyuma ikanyura muri anion yo guhanahana, aho igahagarikwa na cation yo guhanahana ibice mubice byegeranye.Umubare wa ion mumazi ugenda ugabanuka gahoro gahoro uko unyuze mucyumba cya dilute, bikavamo amazi meza, mugihe ubwinshi bwubwoko bwa ionic mubice byibumbiye hamwe bigenda byiyongera, bikavamo amazi yibanze.
Kubwibyo, sisitemu ya EDI igera ku ntego yo guhindagurika, kwezwa, kwibanda, cyangwa kunonosorwa.Iion yo guhinduranya ion ikoreshwa muriki gikorwa ikomeza kuvugururwa mumashanyarazi, ntabwo rero isaba kuvugurura hamwe na aside cyangwa alkali.Ubu buhanga bushya muri EDI ibikoresho byamazi byasukuye birashobora gusimbuza ibikoresho gakondo byo guhana ion kugirango bitange amazi meza cyane kugeza kuri 18 MΩ.cm.
Ibyiza bya EDI Sisitemu Yibikoresho Byamazi meza:
1. Nta acide cyangwa alkali ivugururwa bisabwa: Muri sisitemu yo kuryama ivanze, resin igomba guhindurwa hifashishijwe imiti, mugihe EDI ikuraho ikoreshwa ryibi bintu byangiza nakazi katoroshye.Ibi birengera ibidukikije.
2. Igikorwa gikomeza kandi cyoroshye: Muri sisitemu yo kuryama ivanze, inzira yo gukora iba ingorabahizi kubera ihindagurika ryamazi hamwe na buri gihe gishya, mugihe ibikorwa byo gutanga amazi muri EDI bihamye kandi bikomeza, kandi ubwiza bwamazi burahoraho.Nta buryo bukomeye bwo gukora, butuma ibikorwa byoroha cyane.
3. Ibisabwa byo hasi yo hasi: Ugereranije na sisitemu yo kuryama ivanze ikora amazi amwe, sisitemu ya EDI ifite ingano nto.Bakoresha igishushanyo mbonera gishobora kubakwa byoroshye ukurikije uburebure n'umwanya wa site yo kwishyiriraho.Igishushanyo mbonera nacyo cyorohereza kubungabunga sisitemu ya EDI mugihe cyo gukora.
Guhumanya ibintu kama ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu nganda za RO, zigabanya umuvuduko w’amazi, ikongera umuvuduko w’imbere, kandi ikagabanya igipimo cy’ubutayu, bigatuma imikorere ya RO yangirika.Iyo itavuwe, ibice bigize membrane bizangirika burundu.Biofouling itera kwiyongera k'umuvuduko ukabije, bigatuma uduce duto duto duto hejuru yubuso bwa membrane, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga zo kwibumbira hamwe, gukura kwa mikorobe, no gukura kwa mikorobe.
Mugihe cyambere cyambere cya biofouling, igipimo gisanzwe cyamazi kigabanuka, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko winjira ryiyongera, kandi igipimo cyumunyu ntigihinduka cyangwa cyiyongereyeho gato.Mugihe biofilm igenda ikura buhoro buhoro, igipimo cyo kuryama gitangira kugabanuka, mugihe ikosa rya colloidal hamwe no kwangiza umubiri nabyo byiyongera.
Umwanda w’ibinyabuzima urashobora kugaragara muri sisitemu ya membrane kandi mubihe bimwe na bimwe, irashobora kwihuta gukura.Kubwibyo, imiterere ya biofouling mugikoresho cyo kwitegura igomba kugenzurwa, cyane cyane sisitemu yimiyoboro ijyanye no kwitegura.
Ni ngombwa kumenya no kuvura umwanda mugihe cyambere cyo kwanduza ibintu kama kuko bigoye cyane guhangana nigihe biofilm ya mikorobe imaze gukura kurwego runaka.
Intambwe zihariye zo gusukura ibintu kama ni:
Intambwe ya 1: Ongeramo alkaline surfactants wongeyeho imiti ya chelating, ishobora gusenya ibinyabuzima, bigatera biofilm gusaza no guturika.
Ibihe byogusukura: pH 10.5, 30 ℃, kuzenguruka no gushiramo amasaha 4.
Intambwe ya 2: Koresha ibintu bitarimo okiside kugirango ukureho mikorobe, harimo bagiteri, umusemburo, nibihumyo, no gukuraho ibinyabuzima.
Isuku: 30 ℃, gusiganwa ku magare mu minota 30 kugeza ku masaha menshi (bitewe n'ubwoko bw'isuku).
Intambwe ya 3: Ongeraho alkaline surfactants wongeyeho imiti ya chelating kugirango ukureho ibice bya mikorobe nibinyabuzima.
Ibihe byogusukura: pH 10.5, 30 ℃, kuzenguruka no gushiramo amasaha 4.
Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze, imiti isukura aside irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ikureho imyanda idahwitse nyuma yintambwe ya 3. Uburyo bwo gusukura imiti ikoreshwa ningirakamaro, kuko acide zimwe na zimwe zishobora kugorana kuyikuramo mugihe cya acide.Mugihe hatabayeho kumenya imiterere yimyanda, birasabwa kubanza gukoresha imiti isukura alkaline.
Ultrafiltration ni inzira yo gutandukanya membrane ishingiye ku ihame ryo gutandukanya amashanyarazi no gutwarwa nigitutu.Iyungurura neza iri murwego rwa 0.005-0.01μm.Irashobora gukuraho neza ibice, koleoide, endotoxine, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bifite uburemere buke mu mazi.Irashobora gukoreshwa cyane mugutandukanya ibintu, kwibanda, no kwezwa.Inzira ya ultrafiltration ntabwo ihindura icyiciro, ikorera mubushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi irakwiriye cyane cyane gutandukanya ibikoresho byangiza ubushyuhe.Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza, irwanya aside-alkali, hamwe na okiside irwanya, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa ubudahwema mubihe bya pH 2-11 nubushyuhe buri munsi ya 60 ℃.
Diameter yo hanze ya fibre yuzuye ni 0.5-2.0mm, naho diameter y'imbere ni 0.3-1.4mm.Urukuta rw'imiyoboro ya fibre yuzuye itwikiriwe na micropore, kandi ubunini bwa pore bugaragazwa ukurikije uburemere bwa molekuline y'ibintu bishobora gufatwa, hamwe n'uburemere bwa molekile buringaniye bingana n'ibihumbi n'ibihumbi magana.Amazi mabi atemba munsi yigitutu cyo hanze cyangwa imbere ya fibre yuzuye, ikora ubwoko bwumuvuduko wo hanze nubwoko bwimbere.Ultrafiltration ni uburyo bwo kuyungurura imbaraga, kandi ibintu byafashwe birashobora gusohoka buhoro buhoro hamwe nibitekerezo, bitabujije ubuso, kandi birashobora gukora igihe kirekire.
Ibiranga UF Ultrafiltration Membrane Filtration:
1. Sisitemu ya UF ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukira hamwe nigitutu gike cyo gukora, gishobora kugera ku kwezwa neza, gutandukana, kwezwa, no kwibanda kubikoresho.
2. Gahunda yo gutandukanya sisitemu ya UF nta cyiciro gihinduka, kandi ntabwo igira ingaruka kubigize ibikoresho.Gutandukanya, kweza, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhunikisha buri gihe mubushyuhe bwicyumba, cyane cyane bikwiriye kuvurwa ibikoresho byangiza ubushyuhe, birinda rwose ingaruka mbi ziterwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibintu bikora, kandi bikarinda neza ibinyabuzima bikora nibigize intungamubiri muri sisitemu yumwimerere.
3. Sisitemu ya UF ifite ingufu nke, gukoresha umusaruro muke, hamwe nigiciro gito cyo gukora ugereranije nibikoresho gakondo bitunganijwe, bishobora kugabanya neza ibiciro byumusaruro no kuzamura inyungu zubukungu bwibigo.
4. Sisitemu ya UF ifite igishushanyo mbonera cyiterambere, urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwishyira hamwe, imiterere yoroheje, ikirenge gito, gukora byoroshye no kubungabunga, hamwe nubushobozi buke bwabakozi.
Ingano yo gusaba ya UF ultrafiltration membrane kuyungurura:
Ikoreshwa mbere yo gutunganya ibikoresho byamazi meza, gutunganya ibinyobwa, amazi yo kunywa, namazi yubutare, gutandukana, kwibanda, no kweza ibicuruzwa byinganda, gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda, gusiga irangi rya electrophoreque, no gutunganya amazi y’amazi y’amashanyarazi.
Ibikoresho bihindagurika byumuvuduko wamazi bigizwe ninama ishinzwe kugenzura imiyoboro ihindagurika, sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyikora, ishami rya pompe yamazi, sisitemu yo kugenzura kure, ikigega cyumuvuduko, igitutu cyumuvuduko, nibindi. sisitemu yo gutanga amazi, no kuzigama ingufu.
Imikorere n'ibiranga:
1. Urwego rwohejuru rwo kwikora no gukora byubwenge: Ibikoresho bigenzurwa nubushakashatsi bukuru bwubwenge, imikorere noguhindura pompe ikora na pompe ya standby byikora byuzuye, kandi amakosa ahita atangazwa, kugirango uyakoresha abimenye vuba. igitera amakosa kuva mumashini yumuntu.Amabwiriza ya PID yafunzwe-yemejwe, kandi guhorana umuvuduko mwinshi ni mwinshi, hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’amazi.Hamwe nimikorere itandukanye, irashobora rwose kugera kubikorwa bitagenzuwe.
2. Igenzura rishyize mu gaciro: Multi-pump kuzenguruka byoroshye gutangira kugenzura bifatwa kugirango bigabanye ingaruka no kwivanga kuri gride yamashanyarazi iterwa no gutangira bitaziguye.Ihame ryakazi rya pompe nyamukuru itangira ni: banza ufungure hanyuma uhagarare, banza uhagarare hanyuma ufungure, amahirwe angana, bifasha kwagura ubuzima bwigice.
3. Imikorere yuzuye: Ifite ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kurinda byikora nko kurenza urugero, umuzunguruko mugufi, no kurenza urugero.Ibikoresho bikora neza, byizewe, kandi biroroshye gukoresha no kubungabunga.Ifite imirimo nko guhagarika pompe mugihe habuze amazi no guhita uhindura imikorere ya pompe yamazi mugihe cyagenwe.Kubyerekeranye no gutanga amazi mugihe, irashobora gushyirwaho nkigenzura ryigihe cyanyuze murwego rwo kugenzura hagati muri sisitemu kugirango igere ku gihe cya pompe yamazi.Hariho uburyo butatu bwo gukora: intoki, iyikora, nintambwe imwe (gusa iboneka mugihe hari ecran yo gukoraho) kugirango ihuze ibikenewe mubikorwa bitandukanye.
4. Gukurikirana kure (imikorere idahwitse): Bishingiye ku kwiga byimazeyo ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga ndetse n’ibikenerwa n’abakoresha no guhuza uburambe bwo gutangiza abakozi ba tekinike babigize umwuga mu myaka myinshi, sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge y’ibikoresho bitanga amazi yateguwe mu gukurikirana no kugenzura sisitemu ubwinshi bwamazi, umuvuduko wamazi, urwego rwamazi, nibindi binyuze mugukurikirana kure kumurongo, hanyuma ugenzure neza kandi wandike imikorere ya sisitemu kandi utange ibitekerezo-nyabyo binyuze muri software ikomeye.Ibyegeranijwe byakusanyirijwe hamwe kandi bitangwa kububiko bwurusobekerane rwa sisitemu yose yo kubaza no gusesengura.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa no gukurikiranwa kure binyuze kuri interineti, gusesengura amakosa no gusangira amakuru.
5. Kuzigama Isuku ningufu: Muguhindura umuvuduko wa moteri ukoresheje igenzura rihindagurika, umuvuduko wumukoresha urashobora guhoraho, kandi uburyo bwo kuzigama ingufu bushobora kugera kuri 60%.Umuvuduko ukabije mugihe cyo gutanga amazi arashobora kugenzurwa muri ± 0.01Mpa.
1. Uburyo bwo gutoranya amazi meza cyane aratandukanye bitewe numushinga wo kugerageza kandi bisabwa tekiniki.
Kwipimisha bitari kumurongo: Icyitegererezo cyamazi kigomba gukusanywa hakiri kare kandi kigasesengurwa vuba bishoboka.Icyitegererezo kigomba guhagararirwa kuko kigira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ibizamini.
2. Gutegura ibikoresho:
Kugirango hatangwe silikoni, cations, anion nuduce, ibikoresho bya plastiki polyethylene bigomba gukoreshwa.
Kugirango hatorwe karubone kama yose hamwe na mikorobe, hagomba gukoreshwa amacupa yikirahure hamwe nubutaka bwikirahure.
3. Uburyo bwo gutunganya amacupa y'icyitegererezo:
3.1 Kubijyanye na cation hamwe nisesengura ryuzuye rya silicon: Shira amacupa 3 ya 500 mL yamacupa yamazi meza cyangwa amacupa ya acide hydrochloric ufite urwego rwubuziranenge burenze ubwiza buhebuje muri acide 1mol hydrochloric ijoro ryose, oza n'amazi meza cyane inshuro zirenga 10 (buri gihe, kunyeganyeza cyane muminota 1 hamwe na mL 150 y'amazi meza hanyuma ujugunye kandi usubiremo isuku), ubuzuze amazi meza, usukure agacupa k'amazi icupa n'amazi meza cyane, uyifungishe neza, hanyuma ureke uhagarare ijoro ryose.
3.2 Kubisesengura rya anion nuduce: Shira amacupa 3 ya 500 mL yamacupa yamazi meza cyangwa amacupa ya H2O2 ufite urwego rwubuziranenge burenze ubwiza buhebuje mumuti wa 1mol NaOH ijoro ryose, hanyuma ubisukure nko muri 3.1.
3.4 Kugirango usesengure mikorobe na TOC: Uzuza amacupa 3 ya 50mL-100mL icupa ryibirahure byubutaka hamwe na potasiyumu dichromate sulfuric acide yumuti, ubifate, ubishire muri acide ijoro ryose, ubyoge n'amazi meza cyane inshuro zirenga 10 (buri gihe , uzunguze cyane muminota 1, ujugunye, kandi usubiremo isuku), sukura agacupa wamazi ukoresheje amazi meza cyane, hanyuma uyifunge neza.Noneho ubishyire mumuvuduko mwinshi ** inkono yumuvuduko mwinshi muminota 30.
4. Uburyo bwo gutoranya:
4 agacupa k'icupa hamwe n'amazi meza cyane hanyuma ukayifunga neza, hanyuma ukayifunga mumufuka usukuye.
4.2 Kubijyanye na mikorobe hamwe nisesengura rya TOC, suka amazi mumacupa ako kanya mbere yo gufata icyitegererezo cyemewe, wuzuze amazi meza cyane, hanyuma uhite uyifunga agapira ka sterile sterile hanyuma uyifungire mumufuka wa plastiki usukuye.
Gusiga resin ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri adsorb no guhanahana urugero rwa ion mumazi.Agaciro k’amashanyarazi kinjira muri rusange karenze megaohms 15, kandi akayunguruzo ka polinine gaherereye kumpera ya sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi meza cyane (inzira: ibyiciro bibiri RO + EDI + polishing resin) kugirango sisitemu isohore amazi ubuziranenge bushobora kuba bujuje ibipimo byo gukoresha amazi.Mubisanzwe, amazi meza asohoka arashobora guhagarara neza hejuru ya megaohms 18, kandi ifite ubushobozi runaka bwo kugenzura TOC na SiO2.Ubwoko bwa ion bwa polishing resin ni H na OH, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa neza nyuma yo kuzura bitavutse.Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mu nganda zifite amazi meza asabwa.
Ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa mugihe usimbuye resin:
1. Koresha amazi meza kugirango usukure ikigega cya filteri mbere yo kuyisimbuza.Niba amazi akeneye kongerwaho kugirango yoroherezwe kuzuzwa, hagomba gukoreshwa amazi meza kandi amazi agomba guhita akurwaho cyangwa akurwaho nyuma yuko resin yinjiye mu kigega cya resin kugirango yirinde gutemba.
2. Iyo wuzuza ibisigazwa, ibikoresho bihura na resin bigomba gusukurwa kugirango birinde amavuta kwinjira mu kigega cyo kuyungurura.
3. Iyo usimbuye ibisigazwa byuzuye, umuyoboro wo hagati hamwe nogukusanya amazi bigomba gusukurwa rwose, kandi ntihakagombye kubaho ibisigisigi bya resin bishaje munsi yikigega, bitabaye ibyo ayo mabati yakoreshejwe azanduza ubwiza bwamazi.
4. Impeta ya O-impeta ikoreshwa igomba gusimburwa buri gihe.Muri icyo gihe, ibice bijyanye bigomba kugenzurwa no guhita bisimburwa niba byangiritse muri buri cyasimbuwe.
5. Iyo ukoresheje ikigega cya filteri ya FRP (bakunze kwita tanker ya fiberglass) nkigitanda cya resin, umuterankunga wamazi agomba gusigara muri tank mbere yo kuzuza resin.Mugihe cyo kuzuza, uwakusanyije amazi agomba kunyeganyezwa rimwe na rimwe kugirango ahindure umwanya kandi ashyireho igifuniko.
6. Nyuma yo kuzuza resin no guhuza umuyoboro wa filteri, fungura umwobo wa enterineti hejuru yikigega cya filteri, banza usukemo amazi kugeza igihe umwobo wa enterineti urengereye kandi nta bindi biti bibyara umusaruro, hanyuma ufunge umwobo kugirango utangire gukora amazi.
Ibikoresho by'amazi bisukuye bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka farumasi, amavuta yo kwisiga, n'ibiribwa.Kugeza ubu, inzira nyamukuru zikoreshwa ni ibyiciro bibiri bya tekinoroji ya osmose cyangwa ibyiciro bibiri byinyuma osmose + tekinoroji ya EDI.Ibice bihura namazi ukoresha ibikoresho bya SUS304 cyangwa SUS316.Ufatanije nuburyo bukomatanyije, bagenzura ibirimo ion nibara rya mikorobe mubwiza bwamazi.Kugirango habeho imikorere ihamye yibikoresho hamwe n’amazi meza ahora arangije gukoreshwa, birakenewe gushimangira kubungabunga no gufata neza ibikoresho mu micungire ya buri munsi.
1. Gusimbuza buri gihe akayunguruzo karitsiye hamwe nibikoreshwa, kurikiza cyane igitabo gikora ibikoresho kugirango usimbuze ibikoreshwa bijyanye;
2. Kugenzura buri gihe uko ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu ntoki, nko gutangiza gahunda yo gukora isuku mbere yo kuvurwa, no kugenzura imirimo yo gukingira nko munsi ya voltage, kurenza urugero, ubwiza bw’amazi burenze ibipimo n’urwego rw’amazi;
3. Fata ingero kuri buri node mugihe gisanzwe kugirango umenye imikorere ya buri gice;
4. Kurikiza byimazeyo inzira zikorwa kugirango ugenzure imikorere yibikoresho no kwandika ibipimo bya tekiniki bijyanye;
5. Kugenzura buri gihe ikwirakwizwa rya mikorobe mu bikoresho no mu miyoboro ikwirakwiza neza.
Ibikoresho byamazi meza asanzwe akoresha tekinoroji yo kuvura osose kugirango akureho umwanda, umunyu, nubushyuhe buturuka mumazi, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa nkubuvuzi, ibitaro, ninganda zikora imiti y’ibinyabuzima.
Tekinoroji yibanze yibikoresho byamazi bisukuye ikoresha inzira nshya nka revers osmose na EDI mugushiraho uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutunganya amazi meza hamwe nibintu bigenewe.None, ni gute ibikoresho byamazi bisukuye bigomba kubungabungwa no kubungabungwa buri munsi?Inama zikurikira zirashobora gufasha:
Akayunguruzo k'umucanga hamwe na karuboni muyungurura bigomba gusukurwa byibuze buri minsi 2-3.Sukura akayunguruzo k'umucanga mbere hanyuma karubone.Kora inyuma yo gukaraba mbere yo gukaraba imbere.Ibicuruzwa byumucanga wa Quartz bigomba gusimburwa nyuma yimyaka 3, kandi ibikoreshwa na karubone bigomba gusimburwa nyuma y amezi 18.
Akayunguruzo gasobanutse gakeneye gusa kuvanwa rimwe mu cyumweru.Ikintu cya filteri ya PP imbere muyungurura neza igomba gusukurwa rimwe mukwezi.Akayunguruzo karashobora gusenywa no kuvanwa mu gikonoshwa, kwozwa n'amazi, hanyuma kongera guteranyirizwa hamwe.Birasabwa kubisimbuza nyuma y amezi agera kuri 3.
Umusenyi wa quartz cyangwa karubone ikora imbere muyungurura umucanga cyangwa muyunguruzi ya karubone igomba guhanagurwa no gusimburwa buri mezi 12.
Niba ibikoresho bidakoreshejwe igihe kinini, birasabwa gukora byibuze amasaha 2 buri minsi 2.Niba ibikoresho byafunzwe nijoro, akayunguruzo ka quartz hamwe na karubone ikora irashobora gusubizwa inyuma ukoresheje amazi ya robine nkamazi meza.
Niba kugabanuka gahoro gahoro umusaruro wamazi 15% cyangwa kugabanuka gahoro gahoro ubwiza bwamazi birenze igipimo ntigiterwa nubushyuhe numuvuduko, bivuze ko membrane osmose reaction igomba gusukurwa mumiti.
Mugihe cyo gukora, imikorere mibi irashobora kubaho kubera impamvu zitandukanye.Nyuma yikibazo kibaye, reba imikorere yibikorwa birambuye kandi usesengure icyateye amakosa.
Ibiranga ibikoresho byamazi meza:
Byoroheje, byizewe, kandi byoroshye-gushiraho imiterere yimiterere.
Ibikoresho byose byo gutunganya amazi asukuye bikozwe mubikoresho byiza byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bidafite ibyuma, byoroshye, bidafite inguni zapfuye, kandi byoroshye kubisukura.Irwanya ruswa no kwirinda ingese.
Koresha mu buryo butaziguye amazi ya robine kugirango ubyare amazi meza asukuye arashobora gusimbuza rwose amazi yatoboye hamwe namazi abiri.
Ibice byingenzi (revers osmose membrane, EDI module, nibindi) bitumizwa hanze.
Sisitemu yuzuye yimikorere (PLC + imashini-yumuntu-imashini) irashobora gukora neza.
Ibikoresho bitumizwa mu mahanga birashobora gusesengura neza, gukomeza gusesengura, no kwerekana ubwiza bw’amazi.
Isubiranamo rya osmose nigice cyingenzi cyo gutunganya ibikoresho byamazi meza.Isuku no gutandukanya amazi bishingiye kubice bya membrane kugirango birangire.Kwishyiriraho neza ibintu bya membrane nibyingenzi kugirango hamenyekane imikorere isanzwe yibikoresho bya osmose hamwe nubuziranenge bwamazi meza.
Uburyo bwo Kwinjiza Membrane Yinyuma ya Osmose kubikoresho byamazi meza:
1. Ubwa mbere, wemeze ibisobanuro, icyitegererezo, nubunini bwibintu bya osmose reaction.
2. Shyira O-impeta kumurongo uhuza.Mugihe ushyiraho, amavuta yo kwisiga nka Vaseline arashobora gukoreshwa kuri O-ring nkuko bikenewe kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa O-ring.
3. Kuraho isahani yanyuma kumpande zombi zumuvuduko.Kwoza icyombo cyafunguye n'amazi meza kandi usukure urukuta rw'imbere.
4. Ukurikije icyerekezo cyiteranirizo cyubwato bwumuvuduko, shyira isahani ihagarara hamwe nisahani yanyuma kuruhande rwamazi yibanze yubwato.
5. Shyiramo RO revers osmose membrane element.Shyiramo impera yibintu bya membrane udafite impeta y'amazi yumunyu ugereranyije kuruhande rwamazi (hejuru yimbere) yubwato bwumuvuduko, hanyuma usunike buhoro buhoro 2/3 byibintu imbere.
6. Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, kanda inyuma ya osmose membrane shell kuva kumurongo winjira kugeza kumutwe wamazi.Niba yashyizwe muburyo butandukanye, bizatera kwangirika kwamazi yibanze hamwe nibintu bya membrane.
7. Shyiramo icyuma gihuza.Nyuma yo gushyira ibintu byose bya membrane mubikoresho byumuvuduko, shyiramo ihuza hagati yibintu mu muyoboro wo hagati w’ibikorwa by’amazi, kandi nkuko bikenewe, shyira amavuta ashingiye kuri silicone kuri O-impeta yingingo mbere yo kuyashyiraho.
8. Nyuma yo kuzuza ibintu byose bihindagurika osmose membrane, shyiramo umuyoboro uhuza.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru nuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho revers osmose membrane kubikoresho byamazi meza.Niba uhuye nikibazo mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, nyamuneka twandikire.
Akayunguruzo gakoreshwa cyane cyane mukugabanya umuvuduko wamazi meza.Amazi mbisi yoherejwe mumashanyarazi yuzuza ibyiciro bitandukanye byumucanga wa quartz.Ukoresheje ubushobozi bwo gufata umwanda wumusenyi wa quartz, ibice binini byahagaritswe hamwe na koleoide mumazi birashobora kuvaho neza, kandi imyanda yimyanda izaba munsi ya 1mg / L, bigatuma imikorere isanzwe yuburyo bwo kuvura nyuma.
Coagulants yongewe kumuyoboro wamazi meza.Coagulant ikorerwa ion hydrolysis na polymerisation mumazi.Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biva muri hydrolysis hamwe no kwegeranya byamamajwe cyane nuduce twa colloid mumazi, bikagabanya ibice byubuso hamwe nubunini bwikwirakwizwa icyarimwe.Ubushobozi bwo kwanga ibice buragabanuka, bizagenda byegerana hamwe.Polimeri yakozwe na hydrolysis izamamazwa na colloide ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi kugirango habeho guhuza ibiraro hagati yuduce, buhoro buhoro bikora flok nini.Iyo amazi mbisi anyuze mumashanyarazi, azagumana nibikoresho byo kuyungurura umucanga.
Adorption ya filteri ya mashini ni inzira ya adsorption yumubiri, ishobora kugabanywa hafi ahantu hacuramye (umucanga utubutse) hamwe nubucucike (umucanga mwiza) ukurikije uburyo bwo kuzuza ibikoresho byo kuyungurura.Ibintu byahagaritswe ahanini bigira aho bihurira mugace kanyuze muguhuza, bityo kariya gace gashobora guhagarika ibice binini.Mu gace kegeranye, kwifata biterwa ahanini no kugongana kwa inertia no kwinjirira hagati yuduce twahagaritswe, bityo aka gace gashobora guhagarika uduce duto duto.
Iyo akayunguruzo ka mashini katewe nimyanda ikabije, irashobora gusukurwa no gukaraba.Kwinjira kwinshi kwamazi hamwe nuruvange rwumuyaga uvanze bikoreshwa muguhindura no gukubura umusenyi muyungurura.Ibintu byafashwe bifatanye nubuso bwumusenyi wa quartz birashobora gukurwaho no gutwarwa namazi yinyuma yinyuma, bifasha kuvanaho imyanda nibintu byahagaritswe murwego rwo kuyungurura no gukumira ibintu byayungurura.Akayunguruzo kazagarura ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gufata umwanda, kugera ku ntego yo gukora isuku.Inyuma yinyuma igenzurwa nibipimo byerekana itandukaniro ryinjira cyangwa isohoka mugihe cyogusukura igihe, kandi igihe cyogusukura giterwa nubwinshi bwamazi meza.
Mubikorwa byo kubyara amazi meza, bimwe mubikorwa byambere byakoreshaga ion guhanahana imiti, ukoresheje uburiri bwa cation, uburiri bwa anion, hamwe nubuhanga buvanze bwo gutunganya uburiri.Guhana kwa Ion ni inzira idasanzwe yo kwinjiza ibintu ishobora gukuramo cation cyangwa anion runaka mumazi, kuyigurana nuburinganire bungana nubundi ion hamwe nuburyo bumwe, hanyuma ikarekura mumazi.Ibi byitwa guhanahana ion.Ukurikije ubwoko bwa ion zahinduwe, abakozi ba ion barashobora kugabanywa mubikorwa byo guhanahana cation hamwe nabakozi ba anion.
Ibiranga umwanda wanduye wa anion mubikoresho byamazi meza ni:
1. Iyo resin imaze kwanduzwa, ibara rihinduka umwijima, rihinduka kuva umuhondo wijimye uhinduka umukara wijimye hanyuma umukara.
2. Ubushobozi bwo guhanahana akazi bwa resin buragabanuka, kandi igihe cyo kubyara umusaruro wigitanda cya anion cyaragabanutse cyane.
3. Acide organique itemba mumazi, byongera ubwinshi bwimyanda.
4. Agaciro pH k'imyanda iragabanuka.Mubikorwa bisanzwe, imikorere ya pH yimyanda iva muburiri bwa anion muri rusange iri hagati ya 7-8 (kubera NaOH yamenetse).Iyo resin imaze kwanduzwa, pH agaciro k’amazi ashobora kugabanuka kugera hagati ya 5.4-5.7 bitewe na acide kama.
5. Ibirimo bya SiO2 biriyongera.Gutandukana guhoraho kwa acide organic (acide fulvic na acide humic) mumazi biruta ibya H2SiO3.Kubwibyo, ibintu kama bifatanye na resin birashobora kubuza guhana H2SiO3 na resin, cyangwa kwimura H2SiO3 yamaze kwamamazwa, bikavamo SiO2 kumeneka hakiri kare kuburiri bwa anion.
6. Ubwinshi bwamazi yo gukaraba ariyongera.Kuberako ibintu kama byamamajwe kuri resin birimo umubare munini wamatsinda -COOH akora, ibisigarira bihinduka -COONa mugihe cyo kuvugurura.Mugihe cyogusukura, izo Na + ion zikomeza kwimurwa na aside minerval mumazi akomeye, ibyo bikaba byongera igihe cyogusukura nogukoresha amazi kuburiri bwa anion.
Ibicuruzwa bya osmose bihindagurika bikoreshwa cyane mubutaka bwamazi yo hejuru, amazi yagaruwe, gutunganya amazi mabi, kwangiza amazi yinyanja, amazi meza, no gukora amazi meza cyane.Ba injeniyeri bakoresha ibyo bicuruzwa bazi ko aromatic polyamide revers osmose membrane ishobora kwanduzwa na okiside ikoresheje okiside.Kubwibyo, mugihe ukoresheje uburyo bwa okiside mbere yo kuvura, hagomba gukoreshwa ibikoresho bigabanya kugabanya.Gukomeza kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya anti-okiside ya revers osmose membrane yabaye igipimo cyingenzi kubatanga membrane kugirango batezimbere ikoranabuhanga n'imikorere.
Oxidation irashobora gutuma igabanuka rikomeye kandi ridasubirwaho mumikorere yibice bigize osmose membrane yibice, bigaragarira cyane cyane nkigabanuka ryikigereranyo cyumusemburo no kongera umusaruro wamazi.Kugirango umenye igipimo cya sisitemu, ibice bigize membrane bigomba gusimburwa.Ariko, ni izihe mpamvu zitera okiside?
(I) Ibintu bisanzwe bya okiside hamwe nibitera
1. Igitero cya Chlorine: Imiti irimo Chloride yongewemo muri sisitemu yinjira, kandi niba idakoreshejwe neza mugihe cyo kwitegura, chlorine isigaye izinjira muri sisitemu ya osmose membrane.
2. Kurikirana chlorine isigaye hamwe nicyuma kiremereye nka Cu2 +, Fe2 +, na Al3 + mumazi akomeye bitera reaction ya catalitiki oxydeide murwego rwa polyamide.
3. Ibindi bikoresho bya okiside bikoreshwa mugihe cyo gutunganya amazi, nka dioxyde ya chlorine, potasiyumu permanganate, ozone, hydrogène peroxide, nibindi.
(II) Nigute twakwirinda okiside?
1. Menya neza ko osmose ihindagurika ya membrane itinjira idafite chlorine isigaye:
a.Shyira kumurongo wa oxyde-kugabanya ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho bya chlorine bisigara mumashanyarazi ya osmose yinjira, hanyuma ukoreshe kugabanya nka sodium bisulfite kugirango umenye chlorine isigaye mugihe nyacyo.
b.Ku masoko y’amazi asohora amazi y’amazi kugira ngo yujuje ubuziranenge na sisitemu zikoresha ultrafiltration mbere yo kuvura, kongeramo chlorine muri rusange bikoreshwa mu kurwanya mikorobe yanduye.Muri ubu buryo bwo gukora, ibikoresho byo kumurongo hamwe nigihe cyo gupima kumurongo bigomba guhuzwa kugirango hamenyekane chlorine isigaye na ORP mumazi.
2. Sisitemu yo guhanagura ya osmose membrane igomba gutandukanywa na sisitemu yo gusukura ultrafiltration kugirango hirindwe chlorine isigara iva muri sisitemu ya ultrafiltration ikagera kuri sisitemu ya osmose.
Agaciro ko kurwanya ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cyo gupima ubwiza bwamazi meza.Muri iki gihe, sisitemu nyinshi zo kweza amazi ku isoko ziza zifite metero zitwara ibintu, zigaragaza muri rusange ion ziri mu mazi kugira ngo zidufashe kumenya neza ibisubizo by'ibipimo.Imetero yo hanze ikoreshwa mugupima ubuziranenge bwamazi no gukora ibipimo, kugereranya nindi mirimo.Nyamara, ibisubizo byo gupima hanze bikunze kwerekana gutandukana gukomeye kubiciro byerekanwe na mashini.None, ikibazo nikihe?Tugomba gutangirana na 18.2MΩ.cm yo kurwanya agaciro.
18.2MΩ.cm nikimenyetso cyingenzi mugupima ubuziranenge bwamazi, byerekana ubunini bwa cations na anion mumazi.Iyo ion yibanda mumazi ari muke, agaciro kokurwanya kugaragara ni hejuru, naho ubundi.Kubwibyo, hariho isano itandukanye hagati yo kurwanya agaciro no kwibanda kuri ion.
A. Ni ukubera iki imipaka yo hejuru y’amazi meza yo kurwanya amazi 18.2 MΩ.cm?
Iyo ion yibumbiye mumazi yegereye zeru, kuki agaciro ko kurwanya kutaba nini cyane?Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe nimpamvu, reka tuganire ku ngaruka zagaciro zo guhangana - conductivity:
Duct Imyitwarire ikoreshwa mu kwerekana ubushobozi bwo gutwara ion mu mazi meza.Agaciro kayo kagereranijwe neza na ion yibanze.
Unit Igice cyimyitwarire gikunze kugaragara muri μS / cm.
③ Mu mazi meza (byerekana intumbero ya ion), agaciro korohereza zeru ntikabaho kuberako tudashobora kuvana ion zose mumazi, cyane cyane urebye uburinganire bwamazi butandukanye kuburyo bukurikira:
Kuva hejuru yo gutandukana kuringaniza, H + na OH- ntibishobora kuvaho.Iyo nta ion mu mazi usibye [H +] na [OH-], agaciro gake k'umuyoboro ni 0.055 μS / cm (iyi gaciro ibarwa hashingiwe ku kwibumbira hamwe kwa ion, kugenda kwa ion, n'ibindi bintu, bishingiye. [H +] = [OH-] = 1.0x10-7).Kubwibyo, mubyukuri, ntibishoboka kubyara amazi meza afite agaciro keza kari munsi ya 0.055μS / cm.Byongeye, 0.055 μS / cm ni ugusubirana kwa 18.2M0.cm tumenyereye, 1 / 18.2 = 0.055.
Kubwibyo, ku bushyuhe bwa 25 ° C, nta mazi meza afite umuvuduko uri munsi ya 0.055μS / cm.Muyandi magambo, ntibishoboka kubyara amazi meza afite agaciro kangana na 18.2 MΩ / cm.
B. Kuki kwoza amazi yerekana 18.2 MΩ.cm, ariko biragoye kugera kubisubizo byapimwe twenyine?
Amazi meza cyane afite ion nkeya, kandi ibisabwa kubidukikije, uburyo bwo gukora, nibikoresho byo gupima ni byinshi cyane.Igikorwa icyo aricyo cyose kidakwiye gishobora kugira ingaruka kubipimo.Amakosa akunze gukoreshwa mugupima agaciro ko kurwanya amazi meza cyane muri laboratoire harimo:
Monitoring Gukurikirana kuri interineti: Kuramo amazi meza cyane hanyuma uyashyire muri beaker cyangwa ikindi kintu kugirango ugerageze.
Bat Bateri idahuye: Imashini itwara hamwe na bateri ihoraho ya 0.1cm-1 ntishobora gukoreshwa mugupima ubworoherane bwamazi meza.
③ Kubura indishyi z'ubushyuhe: Agaciro 18.2 MΩ.cm yo kurwanya amazi meza cyane muri rusange yerekeza kubisubizo munsi yubushyuhe bwa 25 ° C.Kubera ko ubushyuhe bwamazi mugihe cyo gupima butandukanye nubushyuhe, dukeneye kubisubiza kuri 25 ° C mbere yo kugereranya.
C. Ni iki twakagombye kwitondera mugihe dupima agaciro ko kurwanya amazi meza cyane akoresheje metero yo hanze?
Hifashishijwe ibikubiye mu gice cyo kumenya kurwanya muri GB / T33087-2016 "Ibisobanuro hamwe nuburyo bwo kugerageza Amazi meza yo gusesengura ibikoresho," ibintu bikurikira bigomba kwitonderwa mugihe cyo gupima agaciro k’amazi y’amazi meza akoresheje uburyo bwo hanze. metero:
Requirements Ibisabwa ibikoresho: metero yumurongo wa interineti ifite ibikorwa byindishyi zubushyuhe, selile ya electrode ya selile ihoraho ya cm 0.01-1, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gupima ubushyuhe bwa 0.1 ° C.
Intambwe zikorwa: Huza ingirabuzimafatizo ya metero yumuriro na sisitemu yo kweza amazi mugihe cyo gupimwa, kwoza amazi no kuvanaho umwuka mwinshi, uhindure umuvuduko wamazi kurwego ruhoraho, kandi wandike ubushyuhe bwamazi nagaciro kangana nigikoresho mugihe gusoma birwanya birahagaze.
Ibikoresho bisabwa hamwe nintambwe zikorwa zavuzwe haruguru bigomba gukurikizwa byimazeyo kugirango tumenye neza ibisubizo byapimwe.
Uburiri buvanze ni bugufi kubuvanganzo bwa ion buvanze, nigikoresho cyagenewe tekinoroji yo guhanahana ion kandi ikoreshwa mugutanga amazi meza cyane (resistance irenze megaohms 10), ubusanzwe ikoreshwa inyuma ya osmose cyangwa uburiri bwa Yang uburiri Yin uburiri.Ibyo bita uburiri buvanze bivuze ko igipimo runaka cya cation hamwe na anion yo guhanahana ivangwa bivangwa kandi bipakirwa mubikoresho bimwe byo guhanahana kugirango bahana kandi bakure ion mumazi.
Ikigereranyo cya cation na anion resin gupakira muri rusange ni 1: 2.Igitanda kivanze nacyo kigabanyijemo in-synchronous regeneration ivanze nigitanda kivanze na ex-situ regeneration.In-synchronous regeneration yuburiri ivanze ikorerwa muburiri buvanze mugihe cyo gukora hamwe nuburyo bwose bwo kuvuka bushya, kandi ibisigazwa ntabwo byimuwe mubikoresho.Byongeye kandi, cation na anion bisubirwamo icyarimwe icyarimwe, bityo ibikoresho byingirakamaro bisabwa ni bike kandi imikorere iroroshye.
Ibiranga ibikoresho bivanze byo kuryama:
1. Ubwiza bwamazi nibyiza, kandi pH agaciro k’amazi yegereye kutabogama.
2. Ubwiza bwamazi burahagaze, kandi impinduka zigihe gito mubikorwa byogukora (nkubwiza bwamazi yinjira cyangwa ibice, igipimo cyimikorere, nibindi) ntacyo bihindura kumiterere yuburiri bwigitanda kivanze.
3. Igikorwa cyigihe gito kigira ingaruka nke kumiterere yimyanda, kandi igihe gisabwa kugirango ugarure ubwiza bwamazi mbere yo gufunga ni gito.
4. Igipimo cyo kugarura amazi kigera ku 100%.
Gusukura no gukora intambwe yibikoresho byo kuryama bivanze:
1. Imikorere
Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kwinjira mumazi: kubicuruzwa byamazi yinjira muburiri bwa Yang uburiri Yin cyangwa muburyo bwa desalination (revers osmose water water water).Mugihe ukora, fungura inleti yinjira nibicuruzwa byamazi, hanyuma ufunge izindi valve zose.
2. Gusubiza inyuma
Funga inleti yinjira nibicuruzwa byamazi;fungura inwasi yinyuma yinyuma na valve yo gusohora inyuma, gusubiza inyuma 10m / h kuri 15min.Noneho, funga inwasi yinyuma yinyuma na valve yinyuma.Reka bikemuke 5-10min.Fungura umuyaga usohora hamwe na valve yo hagati, hanyuma uce amazi igice kugeza kuri 10cm hejuru yubutaka bwa resin.Funga umuyaga usohoka hamwe na valve yo hagati.
3. Kuvuka ubwa kabiri
Fungura inleti yinjira, pompe ya acide, acide ya acide, na valve yo hagati.Kuvugurura ibisigazwa bya cation kuri 5m / s na 200L / h, koresha amazi yibicuruzwa bya osmose kugirango usukure anion, kandi ugumane urwego rwamazi mumurongo hejuru yurwego rwa resin.Nyuma yo kuvugurura cation resin ya 30min, funga inleti yinjira, pompe ya acide, na acide ya acide, hanyuma ufungure valve yimbere yinyuma, pompe ya alkali, na alkali inlet valve.Kuvugurura resin ya anion kuri 5m / s na 200L / h, koresha amazi yibicuruzwa bya osmose kugirango usukure cation, kandi ugumane urwego rwamazi muminkingi hejuru yubutaka bwa resin.Kuvugurura 30min.
4. Gusimbuza, kuvanga resin, no guhanagura
Funga pompe ya alkali na alkali inlet valve, hanyuma ufungure inleti yinjira.Simbuza kandi usukure resin icyarimwe winjiza amazi kuva hejuru no hepfo.Nyuma ya 30min, funga inleti yinjira, inyuma yinyuma yinyuma, hamwe na valve yo hagati.Fungura ibyuma bisohora inyuma, indege yinjira mu kirere, na valve isohoka, hamwe n'umuvuduko wa 0.1 ~ 0.15MPa hamwe na gaze ya 2 ~ 3m3 / (m2 · min), vanga ibisigarira kuri 0.5 ~ 5min.Funga ibyuma bisohora inyuma na valve yinjira mu kirere, reka bikemuke 1 ~ 2min.Fungura inlet ya enterineti hamwe no gukaraba imbere yimbere, uhindure valve isohoka, wuzuze amazi kugeza igihe nta mwuka uhari, hanyuma usukure resin.Iyo imiyoboro igeze kubisabwa, fungura valve itanga amazi, funga valve isohoka, hanyuma utangire kubyara amazi.
Niba nyuma yigihe runaka cyo gukora, ibice byumunyu mwinshi mumazi ya brine ya yoroshye ntibyagabanutse kandi ubwiza bwamazi yabyaye ntibujuje ubuziranenge, birashoboka ko icyoroshya kidashobora guhita cyinjiza umunyu, kandi mubitera harimo cyane cyane ibi bikurikira :
1. Ubwa mbere, reba niba umuvuduko wamazi winjira wujuje ibisabwa.Niba umuvuduko wamazi winjira udahagije (munsi ya 1.5 kg), ntihazabaho umuvuduko mubi, uzatera koroshya kutunyunyuza umunyu;
2. Reba kandi umenye niba umuyoboro winjiza umunyu wafunzwe.Niba ihagaritswe, ntishobora gukuramo umunyu;
3. Reba niba imiyoboro idafunzwe.Iyo kurwanya imiyoboro y'amazi ari mwinshi cyane kubera imyanda ikabije mu bikoresho byo kuyungurura umuyoboro, ntihazabaho umuvuduko mubi, ibyo bigatuma icyoroshya kidakira umunyu.
Niba izo ngingo eshatu zavuzwe haruguru zarakuweho, birakenewe ko harebwa niba umuyoboro winjiza umunyu urimo gutemba, bigatuma umwuka winjira kandi umuvuduko wimbere ukaba mwinshi cyane kuburyo utakira umunyu.Kudahuza hagati yimyanda itwara amazi nindege, kumeneka mumubiri wa valve, hamwe no kwirundanya kwa gaze cyane bitera umuvuduko mwinshi nabyo ni ibintu bigira ingaruka kunanirwa kworohereza umunyu.